Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow

Rock avalanches and landslides lead to gravitational flow into their runout areas, which poses increasing danger settlement areas infrastructure in the Alpine region as a result of climate change. In recent years, significant increase extreme events has been registered Alps due These changes threat have resulted need for construction sustainable protective structures. Many structures are rigid, but others now also increasingly flexible, e.g., net dam structures, mainly earth dams with geogrids. this study, empirical model experiments numerical simulations were carried out estimate depth, deposition forms effects on Numerical programs usually require unknown input parameters long computation times realistic simulation process. This study shows results tests different granular materials. Furthermore, design approaches authors presented. Finally, based University Innsbruck rigid barriers, nets rock is